Oligodendroglioma with cystic component in infant

Area of Science:

• Neuro-oncology
• Pediatric Neurology
• Neuroradiology

Background:

• Oligodendrogliomas are rare primary brain tumors, particularly in pediatric populations.
• Mixed oligodendrogliomas, containing components of other glial tumors, present unique diagnostic challenges.
• Intratemporal masses with complex cystic and calcified features are uncommon presentations.

Observation:

• A 6-year-old girl presented with an intratemporal mass exhibiting multilocular cystic formations and extensive intratumoral calcification on CT and MR imaging.
• The neuroradiological findings suggested differential diagnoses including astrocytoma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, or ganglioglioma.
• The mass was surgically excised with near-complete removal.

Findings:

• Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of mixed oligodendroglioma with a minor astrocytoma component.
• The tumor displayed atypical neuroradiological characteristics not typically associated with oligodendroglioma.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering rare tumor types and presentations in pediatric neuro-oncology.
• Accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment planning in complex pediatric brain tumors.
• Multimodality treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, may be necessary for optimal outcomes in mixed oligodendroglioma.