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Vascular adrenoceptors: an update.

S Guimarães1, D Moura

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal. sguimara@med.up.pt

Pharmacological Reviews
|May 18, 2001
PubMed
Summary

The sympathetic nervous system regulates vascular tone via catecholamines acting on numerous adrenoceptor subtypes. Understanding these receptors, including those on the endothelium, is key for treating vascular and neurological diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The sympathetic nervous system controls vascular resistance and capacitance through catecholamine release.
  • Adrenoceptors (alpha and beta) are crucial targets for catecholamines, with numerous subtypes now identified.
  • The vascular endothelium plays an active role in regulating vascular tone via adrenoceptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expanded knowledge of adrenoceptor subtypes and their roles in vascular regulation.
  • To highlight the endothelial adrenoceptors and their contribution to vascular tone.
  • To discuss the implications of adrenoceptor research for treating various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on adrenoceptor function and vascular physiology.
  • Analysis of data from transgenic models to elucidate adrenoceptor subtype roles.
  • Integration of knowledge on adrenoceptor involvement in disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Nine adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha1A, alpha1B, alpha1D, alpha2A/D, alpha2B, alpha2C, beta1, beta2, beta3) and potential candidates (alpha1L, beta4) are identified.
  • Endothelium expresses multiple adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha2A/D, alpha2C, beta1, beta2, beta3) involved in vascular tone regulation.
  • Specific adrenoceptor subtypes are linked to central blood pressure control (alpha2A/D), peripheral vascular tone (alpha1, alpha2B), and transmitter release (alpha2A/D, alpha2C).

Conclusions:

  • Expanded understanding of adrenoceptor subtypes and their specific functions in the vasculature.
  • The vascular endothelium is a significant site for adrenoceptor-mediated regulation of vascular tone.
  • Knowledge of vascular adrenoceptors offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies in diseases like hypertension and neurological disorders.

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