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Methodological considerations when conducting direct observation in an outdoor environment: our experience in local
S Engelhard1, J Stubbs, P Weston
1Health Promotion, Western Sydney Area Health Service, Parramatta BC, New South Wales. susanne-engelhard@hotmail.com
Objective:
This paper discusses some of the inherent methodological limitations of gathering data via direct observation using local parks as a case study.
Methods:
Direct observation was carried out in five parks on seven non-consecutive days in 1998 and on matched days in 1999. Information recorded for each person included the time of park entry and exit, gender, age group, and activity/ies undertaken while in the park. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The location of the observation point, observer reliability, recording and accuracy of data, and specific issues related to outdoor observation areas should all be considered when designing a study incorporating direct observation as a data collection method.
Conclusions:
Direct observation can provide valuable information. However, pilot testing is essential for minimising potential problems associated with this method and optimising data quality.
Implications:
The issues discussed in this paper provide a useful guide for other researchers undertaking direct observation in outdoor environments.