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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Conditioned Taste Aversion01:14

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Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...
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Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
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Food anaphylaxis.

H A Sampson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Box 1198, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.

British Medical Bulletin
|May 22, 2001
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Summary
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Food anaphylaxis is a major emergency, causing thousands of hospital visits and deaths annually. Research is exploring new treatments like anti-IgE antibody therapy for severe peanut allergies.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Food anaphylaxis is the primary cause of emergency department visits for anaphylactic reactions in Western countries.
  • In the US, food anaphylaxis leads to an estimated 29,000 emergency department treatments and 125-150 deaths yearly.
  • Peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish are responsible for most severe food-induced anaphylactic reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding and treatment of food anaphylaxis.
  • To highlight the differences in immunopathogenic mechanisms compared to other anaphylaxis types.
  • To introduce emerging therapeutic strategies for food anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epidemiological data and clinical management strategies for food anaphylaxis.
  • Discussion of immunopathogenic mechanisms, noting the rarity of serum tryptase elevation.
  • Overview of ongoing clinical trials and preclinical research for novel therapies.

Main Results:

  • Food anaphylaxis is a significant public health concern, particularly in Westernized nations.
  • Current management relies on allergen avoidance, symptom recognition, and epinephrine use.
  • Novel immunotherapies, including anti-IgE and engineered proteins, show promise in preclinical and clinical studies.

Conclusions:

  • Strict allergen avoidance, early symptom recognition, and prompt epinephrine administration are crucial for managing food anaphylaxis.
  • Emerging therapies targeting specific immune pathways are under investigation for peanut anaphylaxis and other food allergies.
  • Further research into immunopathogenic mechanisms may lead to more targeted and effective treatments.