Biological control of Fusarium moniliforme in maize

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Plant Pathology
• Mycology

Background:

• Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi species complex) is a facultative fungal endophyte associated with maize.
• This fungus produces fumonisins during both endophytic and saprophytic growth phases.
• F. moniliforme is transmitted vertically (endophytically) and horizontally (via seeds and debris), with vertical transmission being crucial for reservoir infection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate biological control strategies against Fusarium moniliforme and its mycotoxin production in maize.
• To evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma species in managing F. moniliforme.

Main Methods:

• Investigated the endophytic association of F. moniliforme with maize.
• Assessed vertical and horizontal transmission routes of the fungus.
• Evaluated biological control agents Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma for their potential to inhibit F. moniliforme growth and fumonisin accumulation.

Main Results:

• F. moniliforme is vertically transmitted, posing a challenge for conventional fungicide treatments.
• Bacillus subtilis, an endophytic bacterium, shows potential for biological control via competitive exclusion during the endophytic phase.
• Trichoderma species demonstrate promise in postharvest control of F. moniliforme and fumonisin accumulation on stored corn.

Conclusions:

• Vertical transmission of F. moniliforme is a significant factor in its persistence and mycotoxin production in plants.
• Biological control using Bacillus subtilis offers a promising approach to manage endophytic infections and reduce mycotoxin accumulation.
• Postharvest application of Trichoderma may help control F. moniliforme and prevent fumonisin contamination in stored maize.