Simulation of neuronal responses defining depth order and contrast polarity at illusory contours in monkey area V2

Neurophysiological, brain imaging, and perceptual studies in animals and humans suggest that illusory (occluding) contours are represented at an early level of visual cortical processing. Comparatively little is known about the mechanisms defining the depth order and the brightness illusion associated with such contours. Baumann et al. (1997) found neurons in area V2 of the alert monkey that signaled not only illusory contours but also the figure-ground direction that human observers perceive at such contours. The majority of these neurons showed this property independent stimulus contrast; a small minority preferred a certain combination of figure-ground direction and contrast polarity at these contours. In this article, we simulate the responses of these neurons by means of a grouping mechanism that uses occlusion cues (line-ends, corners) to define figure-ground direction and contrast polarity at such contours.