Chronic ulcerative herpes simplex virus infection in HIV-infected children

The frequency and severity of chronic herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) ulcerative infections were recorded in six HIV-infected children with severe immunodeficiency (mean CD4 + T lymphocytes/cmm = 39.4: range 8-66). The first episode of HSV infection consisted of vesicular-crusty lesions affecting the centro-facial cutis area. In five cases, relapses occurred 4 months later in the form of chronic ulcerative lesions that were always accompanied by a significant loss of tissue. Furthermore, three of the six children also showed perianal ulcerative lesions. Cytodiagnostic analysis revealed the typical cells in balloon degeneration; all of the children had HSV-1-positive vesicular fluid sample cultures. In our experience, chronic ulcerative HSV infection is relatively frequent in HIV-infected children (6.6%), and has unusual clinical manifestations with a good initial response to acyclovir treatment. Relapses are common and become increasingly worse and less responsive to treatment.