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Bacterial and viral etiology of acute otitis media in Chilean children

A Rosenblüt1, M E Santolaya, P González

  • 1Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile. cmackenna@difrecalcine.cl

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|May 23, 2001
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This study identified common bacteria and viruses causing acute otitis media in Chilean children. Antimicrobial resistance, particularly penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a significant concern requiring ongoing surveillance.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions in Latin America.
  • Understanding regional pathogen diversity is crucial for effective AOM management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively investigate the bacterial and viral pathogens responsible for AOM in Chilean children.
  • To determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and serotypes of key bacterial isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of children diagnosed with AOM between July 1998 and June 1999.
  • Collection of middle ear fluid and nasopharyngeal aspirates for pathogen identification (bacteria, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, viruses).
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping.

Main Results:

  • Pathogens were detected in 82% of eligible children.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (37%), Haemophilus influenzae (24%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (13%) were the most common bacteria.
  • 40% of S. pneumoniae isolates showed penicillin resistance, with serotype 19F linked to high-level resistance. 10% of H. influenzae were beta-lactamase producers.

Conclusions:

  • Findings can inform local AOM treatment guidelines in Chile.
  • Highlights the need for continuous AOM microbiology surveillance in Chile and other developing nations.

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