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Related Experiment Videos

Intracellular energetic units in red muscle cells.

V A Saks1, T Kaambre, P Sikk

  • 1Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia. Valdur.Saks@uif-grenoble.fr

The Biochemical Journal
|May 23, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Muscle cells regulate mitochondrial respiration differently based on endogenous versus exogenous ADP. Endogenous ADP allows high respiration at low concentrations, suggesting functional intracellular energetic units in muscle energy metabolism.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular respiration
  • Muscle physiology
  • Mitochondrial function

Background:

  • Mitochondrial respiration is crucial for cellular energy production.
  • Regulation of mitochondrial respiration by adenine nucleotides, particularly ADP, is complex.
  • Understanding ADP's role in muscle energetics is key to metabolic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinetics of mitochondrial respiration regulation by endogenous and exogenous ADP in muscle fibers.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying ADP's differential effects on respiration.
  • To explore the structural and molecular basis for these regulatory differences.

Main Methods:

  • Studied skinned cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers.
  • Manipulated endogenous ADP production using MgATP.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized exogenous ADP with and without ADP-consuming systems (pyruvate kinase/phosphoenolpyruvate).
  • Applied trypsin treatment to assess protein sensitivity and structural changes.
  • Performed electron microscopy and two-dimensional electrophoresis.

    • Main Results:

    • Endogenous ADP activated respiration efficiently at low concentrations (<20 microM), while exogenous ADP required millimolar concentrations for maximal rates.
    • ADP-consuming systems suppressed exogenous ADP-activated respiration more effectively than endogenous ADP-activated respiration.
    • Trypsin treatment altered the apparent Km for exogenous ADP and affected mitochondrial-sarcomere structure, linked to specific low-molecular-mass proteins.

    Conclusions:

    • Mitochondria form functional complexes ('intracellular energetic units') with ADP-producing systems in muscle cells.
    • These units likely involve cytoskeletal interactions and explain efficient energy metabolism.
    • This organization represents a fundamental pattern in muscle energy metabolism.