The development of an EMG-assisted model to assess spine loading during whole-body free-dynamic lifting

Low back disorders (LBDs) are the most common and costly occupationally-related compensable conditions facing employers today. Over the years several biomechanical assessment models have been developed that intended to assess the load profile imposed upon the spine during lifting and, thus, intended to facilitate the control of LBD risk in the workplace. Many of these biomechanical models have evolved based upon assumptions about how the trunk musculature respond to loads imposed upon the body during lifting. However, few of these models have been able to accurately predict the co-contraction of the trunk musculature which has been shown to have a major influence on the development of spinal loads. Thus, our understanding of how the spine is loaded under realistic dynamic lifting conditions has been deficient. A biologically-assisted or EMG-assisted model has been developed in our laboratory over the past 15 years which endeavours to overcome these traditional problems. The model has been assessed in the sagittal, coronal, and torsional planes of the body. The model development and performance will be reviewed as well as the benefits for controlling occupationally-related LBDs.