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Related Experiment Videos

Effect of compound sequence on bitterness enhancement.

E Cubero-Castillo1, A C Noble

  • 1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Chemical Senses
|May 23, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Previous bitter compound exposure can heighten subsequent taste perception, a phenomenon known as carry-over effects. These sensitization effects are compound-specific, impacting bitterness intensity and duration.

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Area of Science:

  • Sensory Science
  • Food Chemistry
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Carry-over effects, where prior stimulus exposure influences subsequent responses, are crucial in sensory perception.
  • Understanding these effects is vital for accurate taste evaluations and product development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and occurrence of carry-over effects for specific bitter compounds.
  • To quantify how previous bitter taste experiences alter the perception of subsequent bitter stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • A time-intensity procedure was employed to assess bitterness ratings of six compounds (caffeine, denatonium benzoate, limonin, naringin, quinine, sucrose octa-acetate).
  • Subjects evaluated paired sequences of compounds, with controlled rinsing protocols between stimuli to isolate carry-over effects.
  • Concentrations were standardized to be approximately equal in perceived intensity.

Main Results:

  • Significant carry-over (sensitization) effects were observed for all tested bitter compounds.
  • Key bitterness parameters—maximum intensity, rate of onset, and total perceived area—increased when a compound was presented second in a pair.
  • The degree of sensitization and susceptibility varied significantly between compounds.
  • Caffeine demonstrated the strongest enhancing effect on other compounds' bitterness while being least susceptible to enhancement itself.
  • Quinine and denatonium benzoate exhibited the most pronounced bitterness enhancement, irrespective of the preceding compound.

Conclusions:

  • Carry-over effects significantly influence the perception of bitterness, leading to heightened responses.
  • Sensitization to bitterness is compound-specific, with varying degrees of susceptibility and enhancement.
  • Caffeine, quinine, and denatonium benzoate play distinct roles in modulating bitterness perception through carry-over mechanisms.

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