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Bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque.
B J Paster1, S K Boches, J L Galvin
1Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. bpaster@forsyth.org
Journal of Bacteriology
|May 24, 2001
Summary
This study explored bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque using molecular methods. It identified known species, novel phylotypes, and potential pathogens, estimating around 500 oral bacterial species.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genomics
- Oral Health
Background:
- The human oral microbiome is complex, with subgingival plaque harboring diverse bacterial communities.
- Understanding this diversity is crucial for diagnosing and treating periodontal diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque using culture-independent molecular methods.
- To obtain full 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences for oral bacteria.
- To compare microbial communities in healthy subjects versus those with various periodontal conditions.
Main Methods:
- DNA was isolated from subgingival plaque samples of healthy and diseased individuals.
- Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes were PCR amplified and cloned into Escherichia coli.
- Sequences of cloned 16S rDNA inserts were analyzed to identify species or closest relatives.
Main Results:
- Analysis of 2,522 clones revealed 60% belonging to 132 known species and 40% as novel phylotypes (215 identified).
- Known periodontal pathogens were present but often in low abundance.
- Several novel phylotypes belonged to previously uncultivated phyla, and some were specific to diseased sites.
Conclusions:
- The subgingival microbial community comprises at least 347 species/phylotypes across 9 phyla, with an estimated total of 415 species in subgingival plaque.
- Certain identified organisms from diseased sites warrant further investigation as potential pathogens.
- The study contributes to an estimated total oral cavity species diversity of approximately 500.