Injury to the genitourinary tract and functional reconstruction of the urethra

In the field of trauma and reconstruction, some aspects have changed significantly, whereas others continue to refine concepts that have developed over recent years. In urethral reconstruction, procedures are becoming more complex. The morbidity of the lithotomy position has been recognized for years. Recent literature has clarified the argument over the 'best stirrup', and time in lithotomy has been identified as a significant contributor to morbidity. Implantation of the AMS-800 sphincter has been examined in irradiated patients. The complication and revision rate is higher but not so high as to preclude consideration of its use. A number of articles have examined the use of cystoscopy in all cases of complicated pelvic surgery and in specific urethral suspension procedures. This has been recognized by urologists for years; it is a new concept in the gynecology literature. Cystoscopy continues to be routinely used, as many 'routine cases' when examined with cystoscopy are found to be associated with complications to the genitourinary tract. The non-operative management of renal trauma is expanded to select blunt grade 5 renal injuries. A series examined the use of computed tomography scan for bladder injuries and found it to be both sensitive and specific.