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Blood lead in children and its determinants in Nagpur, India

A B Patel1, S V Williams, H Frumkin

  • 1Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Nagpur, India.

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health
|May 25, 2001
PubMed

Insights

High blood lead levels are prevalent in Indian children, with significant risk factors including lead-based paint and eye cosmetics. Environmental sources like paint and clay show high lead content, indicating a major public health issue.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Elevated blood lead (PbB) levels pose a significant risk to children's health.
  • Understanding local risk factors is crucial for targeted interventions, especially in diverse settings like India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of elevated PbB levels in children aged 6 months to 6 years in an Indian city.
  • To identify associated risk factors and analyze lead content in environmental sources.

Main Methods:

  • A community-based cross-sectional study involving 297 children.
  • Assessment of blood lead levels (PbB) and potential environmental lead sources.
  • Statistical analysis to identify risk factors for elevated PbB.

Main Results:

  • A high prevalence of elevated PbB (67%) was observed, with a mean of 18.4 microg/dL.
  • Key risk factors included living in houses with lead-based paint (OR 6.42), recent exposure to lead-based paint (OR 2.61), and use of the eye cosmetic 'ma' (OR 2.63).
  • High lead levels were found in environmental sources like paint, pencils, crayons, and clay.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental lead exposure is a significant health problem for children in this Indian city.
  • Risk factors identified differ from those commonly reported in other countries, highlighting the need for context-specific strategies.
  • Interventions should focus on reducing exposure to lead-based paints and traditional eye cosmetics.

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