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Related Experiment Videos

Process of calcification on artificial materials.

T Kokubo1, H M Kim, M Kawashita

  • 1Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. kokubo@sung7.kuic.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Zeitschrift Fur Kardiologie
|May 26, 2001
PubMed
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Certain functional groups on material surfaces, like Si-OH and Ti-OH, effectively promote bone-like apatite formation in simulated body fluid. This is crucial for developing bioactive materials for medical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Calcium, silicon-based glasses form apatite in simulated body fluid (SBF).
  • Apatite formation is linked to surface hydroxyl (OH) groups.
  • Understanding functional groups that promote apatite nucleation is key for biomaterial development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify functional groups that catalyze apatite nucleation on material surfaces in SBF.
  • To investigate the role of various hydroxyl (-OH) and other functional groups in apatite formation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of apatite nucleation induced by these functional groups.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of CaO, SiO2-based glasses and various oxide gels (SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, Ta2O5, Nb2O5, Al2O3).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Immersion of materials in acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) to assess apatite formation.
  • Analysis of self-assembled monolayers terminated with different functional groups (e.g., -COOH, -H2PO4) in SBF.
  • Surface characterization using techniques like Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX).

    • Main Results:

    • CaO, SiO2-based glasses and gels of SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, Ta2O5, Nb2O5 effectively formed apatite in SBF, unlike Al2O3 gel.
    • Si-OH, Ti-OH, Zr-OH, Ta-OH, Nb-OH, -COOH, and -H2PO4 groups were identified as effective for apatite nucleation.
    • Anatase TiO2 exhibited superior apatite nucleating ability among Ti-OH groups.
    • Functional groups induce nucleation indirectly via calcium compounds and amorphous calcium phosphate intermediates.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of specific functional groups, particularly negatively charged ones at physiological pH, is critical for apatite nucleation.
    • Material surface chemistry significantly influences the formation of bone-like apatite, a key indicator of bioactivity.
    • The findings provide insights into designing bioactive materials for orthopedic and dental applications by controlling surface functionalization.