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Temporal, personal and spatial variability in dermal exposure.

H Kromhout1, R Vermeulen

  • 1Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. H.Kromhout@vet.uu.nl

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene
|May 30, 2001
PubMed
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This study analyzed dermal exposure data from agricultural and industrial settings. Within-worker variability was generally higher than between-worker variability, with body location being the most significant factor.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational hygiene
  • Environmental health
  • Exposure science

Background:

  • Dermal exposure is a significant route of occupational exposure to chemicals.
  • Understanding exposure variability is crucial for risk assessment and control.
  • Existing databases on dermal exposure measurements are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create and analyze a comprehensive database of dermal exposure measurements (DERMDAT).
  • To investigate the variability of dermal exposure in different occupational settings.
  • To identify key factors contributing to dermal exposure variability.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled data from 20 surveys, primarily from agricultural (pesticide) and industrial (PAHs, rubber) settings.
  • Filtered data to create 283 groups (1065 workers, 2716 measurements) based on job title, factory, body location, and data quality.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed total, within-worker, and between-worker variability using geometric standard deviations.

    • Main Results:

    • Median total, within-worker, and between-worker geometric standard deviations were 2.55, 1.98, and 1.47, respectively.
    • Within-worker variability was generally higher than between-worker variability.
    • The between-body-location component of variability was the most prominent (median 0.34).

    Conclusions:

    • Dermal exposure variability is substantial and influenced by factors like job, location, and body part.
    • Between-body-location variability is a key determinant of overall dermal exposure.
    • Exposure scenarios, including transfer and deposition, significantly impact dermal exposure levels.