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Related Experiment Videos

Haptoglobin phenotype and diabetic nephropathy.

F M Nakhoul1, R Zoabi, Y Kanter

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel.

Diabetologia
|May 31, 2001
PubMed
Summary

The haptoglobin 2 allele is linked to a higher risk of diabetic nephropathy in both Type I and Type II diabetes patients. Individuals with two haptoglobin 2 alleles showed a significantly increased risk of developing this kidney complication.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of kidney failure in diabetic patients.
  • Genetic factors play a role in the susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy.
  • Haptoglobin (HP) is a protein involved in hemoglobin binding and has been investigated for its role in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the haptoglobin 2 allele and the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.
  • To determine if the presence and number of haptoglobin 2 alleles correlate with the incidence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in diabetic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A study was conducted on 110 normotensive patients with Type I or Type II diabetes mellitus.
  • Patients had diabetes duration exceeding 10 years (Type I) or 5 years (Type II).

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  • Haptoglobin typing was performed using gel electrophoresis, and urinary protein excretion was measured to define microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria.

    • Main Results:

    • No subjects homozygous for the haptoglobin 1 allele (1-1) exhibited diabetic nephropathy.
    • In contrast, 34% of subjects homozygous for the haptoglobin 2 allele (2-2) and 27% of heterozygous subjects (2-1) showed signs of diabetic nephropathy (p < 0.04).
    • A graded risk was observed, with individuals having two haptoglobin 2 alleles showing a higher risk of macroalbuminuria (22%) compared to those with one (8%) or no haptoglobin 2 alleles (0%) (p < 0.03).

    Conclusions:

    • The haptoglobin phenotype, specifically the haptoglobin 2 allele, appears to be a significant susceptibility factor for diabetic nephropathy.
    • A dose-dependent relationship exists between the number of haptoglobin 2 alleles and the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy in both Type I and Type II diabetes.
    • These findings support the hypothesis that haptoglobin genotype is a major determinant in the development of diabetic kidney disease.