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Related Experiment Videos

Red cell traverse through thin glomerular basement membranes.

J E Collar1, S Ladva, T D Cairns

  • 1Department of Histopathology, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's Campus, London, England, United Kingdom.

Kidney International
|May 31, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Red blood cells can pass through small gaps in the glomerular capillary wall, explaining how hematuria occurs in some kidney diseases. This discovery clarifies a long-standing mystery in nephrology.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Renal Pathology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The mechanism by which red blood cells enter the urinary filtrate in glomerular hematuria has been unclear.
  • Despite extensive ultrastructural studies of renal biopsies, the precise route remains a mystery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathway of red blood cell passage across the glomerular capillary wall in cases of glomerular hematuria.
  • To investigate the ultrastructural basis of red blood cell traversal in sporadic microhematuria.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine serial sections of renal biopsy material.
  • A fortuitous discovery identified a red blood cell traversing the glomerular capillary wall.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • A red blood cell was observed assuming a dumbbell shape while passing through a 2.25 micrometer gap in the glomerular endothelium and basement membrane.
  • Serial sections suggested a transcellular route, with localized thinning of the basement membrane (167 nm) but no other generalized abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Red blood cells can traverse glomerular capillary walls through localized gaps to enter Bowman's space.
  • This passage through gaps may explain glomerular hematuria in non-inflammatory glomerular diseases, such as thin basement membrane nephropathy.