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Related Experiment Videos

Explosive biodegradation in soil slurry batch reactors amended with exogenous microorganisms.

C F Shen1, J A Hawari, L Paquet

  • 1Environmental Bioengineering Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec H4P 2R2, Canada.

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|May 31, 2001
PubMed
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This study investigated biotreatment of explosives-contaminated soil. Anaerobic sludge mineralized 59% of RDX, and municipal sludge enhanced degradation of both TNT and RDX, especially under anaerobic conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Bioremediation technologies
  • Soil science

Background:

  • Explosives like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) contaminate soil, posing environmental risks.
  • Indigenous soil microbes show limited efficacy in degrading these persistent explosive compounds.
  • Bioremediation offers a sustainable approach for treating contaminated sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of biotreatment for TNT and RDX in contaminated soils using slurry batch reactors.
  • To assess the effectiveness of anaerobic sludge and municipal sludge amendments in degrading these explosives.
  • To investigate the impact of contaminant concentrations on microbial activity, specifically methanogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Slurry batch reactor experiments were conducted with TNT and RDX-contaminated soils.

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  • Radiorespirometric assays were used to measure mineralization of RDX.
  • Methanogenesis was monitored as a bioindicator for toxicity and recovery.
  • Soil indigenous microbes and municipal sludge amendments were tested under various conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Anaerobic sludge achieved 59% mineralization of RDX to CO2; TNT mineralization was inconsistent.
    • High concentrations of TNT (>50 mg/L) and RDX (>100 mg/L) inhibited methanogenesis.
    • Methanogenesis recovered after TNT transformation into less toxic triaminotoluene.
    • Municipal sludge amendment enhanced the degradation of both TNT and RDX.
    • RDX degradation was effective only under anaerobic conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Biotreatment using anaerobic and municipal sludge shows promise for degrading TNT and RDX in contaminated soils.
    • Anaerobic conditions are crucial for effective RDX degradation.
    • Sludge amendments can overcome the limitations of indigenous soil microbes and mitigate contaminant toxicity.
    • Further optimization of bioreactor conditions is needed for complete remediation.