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[Current status of autism studies].
1Department of Mental Health, Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine.
Summary
Autism research in the 1990s highlighted the need for clearer diagnostic criteria and understanding prevalence differences. Genetic factors are key, but specific genes remain elusive, necessitating improved diagnostic and therapeutic systems for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Genetics
- Developmental Psychology
Context:
- Review of English autism studies from the 1990s.
- Established concepts of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).
- Need for refined diagnostic criteria for PDDNOS and atypical autism.
Purpose:
- To review the status of autism research in the 1990s.
- To identify gaps in diagnostic criteria and understanding of prevalence.
- To explore genetic etiologies and current treatment approaches.
Summary:
- Autism prevalence varies globally, with higher rates in Japan and some European countries compared to the U.S.
- Genetic factors are strongly implicated, evidenced by twin and sibling studies, though specific genes are not yet identified.
- The 'setback type' of autism shows poorer outcomes, and its relation to childhood disintegrative disorder requires further investigation.
- High-functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome require clearer differentiation.
- While no cure exists, psychotropic medications can manage behavioral issues, and systematized psychosocial treatments are crucial.
Impact:
- Highlights the need for standardized diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders.
- Emphasizes the significant role of genetics in autism etiology.
- Underscores the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive therapeutic systems for improving long-term outcomes in individuals with autism.
- Suggests potential for improved management of behavioral problems through psychotropic drugs and refined psychosocial interventions.