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Related Experiment Videos

Classical and inverted White's effects.

C Ripamonti1, W Gerbino

  • 1Colour and Imaging Institute, University of Derby, Kingsway House, Derby DE22 3HL, UK. c.ripamonti@derby.ac.uk

Perception
|June 1, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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White's effect describes how target brightness is perceived differently based on surrounding stripes. A new model explains both classical and inverted White's effects using assimilation and contrast principles.

Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • White's effect is a visual illusion where intermediate-luminance targets appear lighter or darker depending on the surrounding grating.
  • Classical White's effect is reversed for double-increment or double-decrement targets.
  • Existing explanations for White's effect are often limited to specific conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To find a unified explanation for both classical and inverted White's effects.
  • To investigate the role of perceived transparency and occlusion in White's effect.
  • To develop and validate a computational model for White's effect.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using intermediate-target displays.
  • Experiment 1 manipulated target luminance relative to surrounding regions to assess transparency and occlusion.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 2 varied grating contrast and target luminance to quantify classical and inverted effects across multiple conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Perceived transparency dominates occlusion only when target luminance is near that of adjacent regions, challenging transparency-based accounts.
    • A common model successfully explains both classical and inverted White's effects.
    • The model integrates assimilation to the top region and contrast with the interrupted region, weighted by luminance adjacency.

    Conclusions:

    • A unified model based on luminance assimilation and contrast explains both classical and inverted White's effects.
    • The findings challenge purely transparency-based explanations for White's effect.
    • The proposed model offers a more comprehensive understanding of luminance perception in gratings.