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Normative values of craniofacial measurements in idiopathic benign macrocephalic children
C Evereklioglu1, C Yakinci, H Er
1Inönü University School of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. evereklioglu@hotmail.com
Insights
This study establishes normal craniofacial measurement standards for healthy, macrocephalic children aged 7-16. These values aid in identifying craniofacial syndromes and planning interventions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Craniofacial Morphology
- Anthropometry
Background:
- Idiopathic benign macrocephaly requires normative data for accurate assessment.
- Establishing age, sex, and race-specific standards is crucial for clinical evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine normal standard values for head circumference and facial measurements in children aged 7-16 with idiopathic benign macrocephaly.
- To provide age, sex, and race-specific data for key craniofacial indices.
Main Methods:
- Measurements were taken from 8736 children, with a subset of 196 macrocephalic children (103 boys, 93 girls) undergoing detailed examination.
- Mean values for head circumference, inner and outer canthal distances, interpupillary distances, canthal index, and circumference-interorbital index were calculated for each age group.
Main Results:
- Mean ages for boys and girls were 11.87 +/- 2.87 and 11.72 +/- 2.75 years, respectively.
- Detailed mean values for all measured parameters (head circumference, distances, indices) were provided for both boys and girls.
- Specific values for boys included head circumference (57.43 +/- 1.46 cm) and girls (56.57 +/- 1.24 cm).
Conclusions:
- Normal craniofacial measurement values for healthy macrocephalic children are essential for early diagnosis of craniofacial syndromes.
- These standards assist in identifying conditions like telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypo-hypertelorism.
- Comparison with age, sex, and race-specific standards is recommended for accurate assessment of macrocephalic children.
Objective:
To determine normal standard values at each age for head circumference; inner canthal distance; outer canthal distance; near interpupillary distance; distant [far] interpupillary distance; canthal index; and circumference-interorbital index specific for the age, sex, and race in 7- to 16-year-old idiopathic benign macrocephalic male and female children.
Methods:
The measurements of head circumference were obtained in 8736 children (4591 boys and 4145 girls) in the city center of Malatya. From these, macrocephalic children (boys = 103, girls = 93) were chosen and invited to our clinic for detailed examination. Mean values for each parameter were obtained at each age from 7 to 16 years.
Results:
The mean age for male and female children were 11.87 +/- 2.87 and 11.72 +/- 2.75 years, respectively. The overall mean values for head circumference, inner canthal distance, outer canthal distance, near interpupillary distance, distant interpupillary distance, canthal index and circumference-interorbital index in boys were found to be 57.43 +/- 1.46 cm, 31.90 +/- 2.41 mm, 89.29 +/- 4.34 mm, 58.79 +/- 2.97 mm, 62.10 +/- 3.23 mm, 35.73 +/- 2.24, and 5.56 +/- 0.44, respectively. In girls, these values were 56.57 +/- 1.24 cm, 31.45 +/- 2.65 mm, 87.71 +/- 4.11 mm, 58.16 +/- 3.46 mm, 61.26 +/- 3.66 mm, 35.84 +/- 2.31, and 5.56 +/- 0.43, respectively.
Conclusion:
Normal values of craniofacial measurements for idiopathic benign macrocephalic healthy children are useful in early identification of some craniofacial syndromes, congenital or posttraumatic telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypo-hypertelorism and of planning surgical intervention. We suggest that the comparison of craniofacial dimensions of macrocephalic healthy children must be performed with normal standards specific for age as well as sex and race.