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Related Experiment Videos

Rapid flow-induced responses in endothelial cells.

G N Stamatas1, L V McIntire

  • 1Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.

Biotechnology Progress
|June 2, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Fluid shear stress rapidly alters endothelial cell shape and nuclear calcium levels. Microtubules are essential for transmitting these mechanical signals, influencing cell morphology and nuclear changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Endothelial cells respond to fluid shear stress by altering morphology, growth, and metabolism.
  • Understanding rapid, flow-induced changes in 3D endothelial cell structure and calcium signaling is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic 3D morphological and calcium distribution changes in endothelial cells under fluid shear stress.
  • To elucidate the role of the cytoskeleton in mediating these shear stress-induced responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized coupled fluorescence microscopy with optical sectioning, digital imaging, and numerical deconvolution.
  • Applied fluid shear stress to endothelial cells and treated them with cytoskeleton disrupters (acrylamide, cytochalasin D, colchicine).
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Cell BiologyNon-NASA Center

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Main Results:

  • Within minutes of flow, nuclear calcium increased, and whole cell and nuclear height decreased by ~1 micrometer.
  • Cytoskeleton disrupters did not affect calcium signaling.
  • Colchicine (microtubule disrupter) abrogated shear-induced nuclear morphological changes, while others did not.

Conclusions:

  • Microtubules play a critical role in transmitting mechanical forces from the plasma membrane to the nucleus during shear stress.
  • Changes in cell and nuclear morphology may regulate endothelial growth and metabolism.
  • A tensegrity-based model explains the observed 3D endothelial cell morphology changes.