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[Anisakiasis: a borderline disorder].

F Gani1, C Lombardi, G Senna

  • 1Servizio di Allergologia, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano. fedgani@tin.it

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|June 5, 2001
PubMed
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Anisakis simplex, a parasitic nematode, causes anisakiasis in humans through raw seafood consumption. This infection can lead to severe gastrointestinal issues and allergic reactions, necessitating prompt diagnosis and prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Anisakis simplex is a nematode parasite found in various fish and cephalopods.
  • Human infection, known as anisakiasis, occurs via ingestion of raw or undercooked infected seafood.
  • The parasite can cause a range of gastrointestinal and allergic diseases in humans.

Purpose:

  • To describe the clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges of Anisakis simplex infections in humans.
  • To highlight the potential for both acute and chronic disease presentations.
  • To discuss current understanding of the immune responses involved and preventive strategies.

Summary:

  • Anisakis simplex larvae, ingested through contaminated seafood, can cause acute symptoms like abdominal pain due to mucosal inflammation or IgE-mediated allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.

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  • Chronic anisakiasis may manifest as eosinophilic granulomas or abscesses, mimicking other serious gastrointestinal conditions such as appendicitis or inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging due to cross-reactivity in serological tests; early gastroduodenoscopy is recommended for confirmation and complication prevention. While heating or freezing seafood can destroy infectivity, allergic reactions may still occur.

    • Impact:

    • Anisakiasis poses a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with high consumption of raw or undercooked seafood.
    • Understanding the diverse clinical presentations is crucial for accurate and timely diagnosis, preventing misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.
    • Effective preventive measures and improved diagnostic tools are needed to mitigate the impact of Anisakis simplex infections and associated allergic responses.