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Related Concept Videos

Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
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The hippocampal complex and long-term memory revisited.

L Nadel1, M Moscovitch

  • 1Dept of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721,., Arizona, AZ, USA

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|June 8, 2001
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Summary

The hippocampus and parahippocampal area are crucial for recalling distant memories. Recent findings suggest these medial temporal lobe structures have a broader role in memory retrieval than previously understood.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
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Longitudinal Two-Photon Imaging of Dorsal Hippocampal CA1 in Live Mice
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Longitudinal Two-Photon Imaging of Dorsal Hippocampal CA1 in Live Mice

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, is traditionally associated with memory formation.
  • Previous theories limited the role of these structures to recent memory consolidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the hippocampus and parahippocampal area in the retrieval of remote episodic and semantic memories.
  • To re-evaluate the extent of medial temporal lobe involvement in long-term memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of findings from Cipolotti et al.'s recent report.
  • Synthesis of recent research on medial temporal lobe function in memory.

Main Results:

  • The hippocampus and parahippocampal area are demonstrated to be essential for retrieving remote episodic memory.
  • These medial temporal lobe structures are also important for recalling remote semantic memory.

Conclusions:

  • The function of the hippocampus and parahippocampal area extends beyond memory consolidation to encompass remote memory retrieval.
  • Current findings challenge traditional views, suggesting a more extensive role for medial temporal lobe structures in long-term memory.