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Decision making and neuropsychiatry.

S Rahman1, B J Sahakia, R N Cardinal

  • 1Dept of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Level E4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 2QQ, Cambridge, UK

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|June 8, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Abnormal decision-making is key in neuropsychiatric disorders. A specific neural network, involving the orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, is crucial for decision-making and these conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Abnormal decision-making is a core symptom across various neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Previous research has explored decision-making cognition in conditions like frontal lobe dementia, mania, substance abuse, and personality disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the neural substrates underlying decision-making deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • To elucidate the role of a specific neural network in decision-making and its relation to neuropsychiatric diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative assessment of decision-making cognition.
  • Analysis of clinical lesion studies in patients with frontal lobe dementia.
  • Examination of neuropsychiatric disorders including mania, substance abuse, and personality disorders.

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Main Results:

  • A key neural network, comprising the orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and ascending neurotransmitter systems, was identified.
  • This network plays a fundamental role in decision-making processes.
  • The identified network helps explain variations in decision-making deficits across different patient populations.

Conclusions:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex-ventral striatum network is central to decision-making and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Understanding these neural underpinnings can differentiate deficits in various clinical groups.
  • Refined characterization of these deficits may improve early diagnosis and rehabilitation strategies.