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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
Published on: April 16, 2012
Identification and functional characterization of human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells with regulatory properties isolated
H Jonuleit1, E Schmitt, M Stassen
1Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany. jonuleit@hautklinik.klinik.uni-mainz.de
Abstract:
A subpopulation of peripheral human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells that expresses CD45RO, histocompatibility leukocyte antigen DR, and intracellular cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA) 4 does not expand after stimulation and markedly suppresses the expansion of conventional T cells in a contact-dependent manner. After activation, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells express CTLA-4 on the surface detectable for several weeks. These cells show a G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and no production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, or interferon (IFN)-gamma on either protein or mRNA levels. The anergic state of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells is not reversible by the addition of anti-CD28, anti-CTLA-4, anti-transforming growth factor beta, or anti-IL-10 antibody. However, the refractory state of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells was partially reversible by the addition of IL-2 or IL-4. These data demonstrate that human blood contains a resident T cell population with potent regulatory properties.
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