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Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
07:58

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Published on: August 7, 2017

A phenomenological model for precursor volcanic eruptions.

T Menand1, S R Tait

  • 1BP Institute for Multiphase Flow, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, U.K. thierry@bpi.cam.ac.uk

Nature
|June 8, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Volcanic precursor eruptions may be caused by gas-rich pockets forming in magma. These buoyant pockets can move faster than the main magma, reaching the surface first and serving as a warning.

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Area of Science:

  • Volcanology
  • Geophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Intense, short-duration explosions often precede large volcanic eruptions, sometimes by months.
  • These precursor events are linked to magma pathway formation but their exact nature remains unclear.
  • Theoretical studies suggest volatile exsolution can create gas pockets at the tip of propagating magma dykes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of gas pockets in volcanic precursor eruptions.
  • To explain the dynamics of liquid-filled crack propagation with a gas tip.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory study of transient crack propagation.
  • Modeling a liquid-filled crack with a growing gas pocket at its tip.

Main Results:

  • Gas pocket buoyancy can overcome host rock fracture resistance.
  • Gas pocket dynamics, not liquid dynamics, control crack tip velocity once buoyancy is achieved.
  • Gas pockets can separate from the main liquid body.

Conclusions:

  • Fast-moving, gas-rich pockets can form at the tip of volcanic conduits.
  • These pockets reaching the surface ahead of the main magma may explain many precursor eruptions.
  • This mechanism provides a potential warning system for volcanic activity.