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[Stress-induced hypertension and diabetes mellitus]
1I. interní-kardioangiologická klinika Lékarské fakulty MU a Fakultní nemocnice u sv. Anny, Brno.
Insights
The autonomic nervous system links hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Chronic stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, contributing to metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Context:
- Hypertension and diabetes are primary risk factors for atherosclerosis.
- The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in physiological regulation.
- New associations between hypertension, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease are being investigated.
Purpose:
- To explore the role of the autonomic nervous system in the relationship between hypertension, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease.
- To elucidate the mechanisms linking sympathetic nervous system activation to metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk.
Summary:
- Chronic stress stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
- Sympathetic overactivity contributes to impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, common in hypertensive individuals.
- Hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol, combined with high blood pressure, define metabolic syndrome (syndrome X).
Impact:
- Understanding these links can lead to better management of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
- Highlights the autonomic nervous system as a potential therapeutic target.
- Provides a comprehensive overview of the interconnectedness of key risk factors for cardiovascular complications.
Abstract:
Hypertension and diabetes are the basic risk factors of atherosclerosis and its complications. At present new associations are sought which will enable us to describe more satisfactorily the mutual relationship of hypertension, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. One of the systems involved in all substantial physiological processes is the autonomic nervous system. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system by chronic stress causes in addition to an elevated pulse rate and cardiac minute output also activation of another important pressor mechanism--the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system plays a part also in the development of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, which are very frequent in hypertonic subjects. Hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and reduced HDL-cholesterol concentration are associated with a decline of the insulin capacity to take up glucose and deposit glycogen and together with a raised blood pressure create the so-called metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance (syndrome X, Reaven's syndrome).