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Radioiodine kinetics and thyroid function following the universal salt iodization policy
D Moorthy1, A Sood, A Ahluwalia
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
The National Medical Journal of India
|June 9, 2001
Summary
Universal salt iodization in Delhi has increased iodine intake and excretion. Despite higher iodine consumption, thyroid function remains normal in residents, indicating successful public health intervention.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Public Health Nutrition
- Nuclear Medicine
Background:
- Universal salt iodization (USI) implemented in Delhi in 1989.
- Previous iodine status data were collected 10-30 years prior, indicating iodine deficiency.
- The study assesses the impact of USI on iodine kinetics in Delhi residents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify changes in iodine kinetics following universal salt iodization in Delhi.
- To evaluate the effect of increased iodine intake on thyroid function.
- To establish baseline iodine kinetics data for ongoing public health monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 30 healthy Delhi residents (18 men, 12 women, aged 17-48).
- Measured 24-hour urinary iodine excretion and home salt iodine content.
- Conducted radiotracer (131I) kinetic studies to assess thyroid/renal clearance, uptake, and plasma inorganic iodine.
Main Results:
- Median 24-hour urinary iodine excretion was 341.3 µg.
- Mean 24-hour thyroid uptake was 19.1% (±8.0%).
- Increased urinary iodine, plasma inorganic iodine, and absolute iodine intake were observed; thyroid uptake and clearance decreased, with normal thyroid hormone levels.
Conclusions:
- USI in Delhi has led to increased iodine intake and excretion.
- Thyroid function remains unaffected in normal individuals despite elevated iodine consumption.
- Periodic assessment of iodine kinetics is recommended due to potential changes in community iodine intake.