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Accessory oval foramen.

J Krmpotić-Nemanić1, I Vinter, D Jalsovec

  • 1Department of Anatomy Drago Perović, Zagreb, Croatia.

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
|June 9, 2001
PubMed
Summary

A newly identified anatomical opening, the foramen ovale accessorium, was found in human sphenoid bones. This structure may transmit nerves to chewing muscles, impacting surgical procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Anatomy
  • Cranial Morphology
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The foramen ovale is a key anatomical landmark in the skull base.
  • Variations in cranial foramina can influence neurovascular structures.
  • Understanding accessory openings is crucial for precise surgical navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a previously unrecognized opening near the foramen ovale.
  • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of this accessory foramen.
  • To elucidate the potential anatomical and clinical significance of the foramen ovale accessorium.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical dissection and examination of 124 human sphenoid bone specimens.
  • Macroscopic description of the accessory opening, its canal, and its relation to surrounding structures.
  • Age and bilateral occurrence of the foramen ovale accessorium were recorded.

Main Results:

  • An accessory opening, termed 'foramen ovale accessorium', was identified in 48 of 124 specimens (38.7%).
  • The foramen ovale accessorium leads to an oblique canal, typically 2.3 mm long, opening near the pterygoid process.
  • It was found in individuals across a wide age range and predominantly unilaterally.

Conclusions:

  • The foramen ovale accessorium likely transmits nerve rootlets to masticatory muscles (e.g., pterygoidei, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani).
  • Its presence is significant for surgical interventions involving the trigeminal nerve or Gasserian ganglion.
  • This finding adds a new dimension to the anatomical understanding of the skull base neurovasculature.

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