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Related Experiment Videos

Menstrual cycle variability and the perimenopause.

K A O'Connor1, D J Holman, J W Wood

  • 1Department of Anthropology, Center for Studies of Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. oconnork@u.washington.edu

American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council
|June 16, 2001
PubMed
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The dwindling ovarian follicle pool, not hypothalamic dysfunction, explains menstrual cycle variability during perimenopause. This finding is based on a new ovarian cycle model predicting changes across reproductive life spans.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Menopause is the final cessation of menstrual cycling due to ovarian follicle depletion.
  • The perimenopausal transition (1-5 years before menopause) is characterized by increased variability in menstrual cycle length, ovulation frequency, and hormone levels.
  • Mechanisms driving perimenopausal cycle changes are poorly understood, with hypotheses including follicle pool size and hypothalamic regulation decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying cause of increasing menstrual cycle length variability before menopause.
  • To develop and test a model of ovarian cycles explaining perimenopausal changes.

Main Methods:

  • A mathematical model of ovarian cycles was developed, incorporating follicular growth, depletion, and an inactive phase before follicular development.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The model predicts menstrual cycle variability based on the size of the surviving ovarian follicle pool across the reproductive lifespan.

    • Main Results:

    • The model successfully explains key characteristics of the perimenopause in humans and macaques.
    • Predictions align with observed increases in menstrual cycle variability as the follicle pool diminishes.

    Conclusions:

    • The size of the surviving ovarian follicle pool is the primary driver of menstrual cycle variability during the perimenopausal transition.
    • The developed model provides a framework for understanding perimenopause and its correlates.