Male meiosis in camel-flies (Raphidioptera; Neuropteroidea)

Male meiosis in 3 species of the raphidioptera genus Agulla-- A. bicolor Banks, A. astuta (Banks), and A. bractea Carpenter-- closely parallels that of Neuroptera. The diploid complement in each comprises 12 pairs of autosomes plus X and Y; all are mediokinetic. One male of A. bicolor carried an extra pair of autosomes indistinguishable from the shortest member of the usual set: these formed a normal bivalent and segregated synchronously with the other autosomes. The spindle is formed by the collocation of individual units which envelope each chromosomal mass. The sex chromsomes are spatially separate on emergence from the joint vesicle of early prophase; oriented toward opposite poles they move into this interpolar axis and a central spindle unit forms about them. This unit elongates disproportionately in early premetaphase, and its subsequent contraction is not synchronous with that of the other units. Distance segregation of X and Y is completed in early premetaphase. Autosomal bivalents are chiasmate; their congressional maneuvers involve, in addition to the usual interpolar oscillations, a lateral movement to the periphery of the spindle to form a variably complete ring at the equator. Autosomal univalents occurs with a frequency of 13% in A. bicolor, 2% in A. astuta, and 1% in A. bractea; they undergo distance segregation with the sex chromosomes in the central spindle unit. The phylogenetic significance of the data is considered.