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Related Experiment Videos

Chronic heart failure and micronutrients.

K K Witte1, A L Clark, J G Cleland

  • 1Castle Hill Hospital, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom. klauswitte@Hotmail.com

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|June 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Micronutrient deficiencies are common in heart failure (HF), contributing to cachexia and poor outcomes. Supplementation shows promise for improving exercise capacity and overall health in HF patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is linked to weight loss and cachexia, with patients experiencing osteoporosis and muscle loss.
  • Increased basal metabolic rate in HF contributes to cachexia, especially in older adults, with malnutrition playing a role.
  • Micronutrient deficiencies, including selenium, calcium, and thiamine, can directly cause HF syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between micronutrients and heart failure (HF).
  • To highlight the potential role of specific micronutrients in HF pathophysiology and management.
  • To assess the evidence for micronutrient supplementation in improving outcomes for HF patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining micronutrient status and supplementation in heart failure.

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  • Analysis of the impact of specific micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, co-factors) on HF.
  • Evaluation of research on the effects of supplementation on exercise capacity and disease progression.

    • Main Results:

    • Selective deficiencies (selenium, calcium, thiamine) can precipitate HF.
    • Antioxidants (vitamins C, E, beta-carotene) may protect vasculature.
    • Supplementation with carnitine, co-enzyme Q10, and creatine has shown potential to improve exercise capacity in some HF studies.
    • Vitamins B6, B12, and folate may reduce homocysteine levels, mitigating oxidative stress.

    Conclusions:

    • Micronutrient status is critically linked to heart failure (HF) development and progression.
    • Evidence suggests a significant role for micronutrient deficiencies and supplementation in HF management.
    • A large-scale trial of dietary micronutrient supplementation in HF is warranted based on current evidence.