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[Polymorphism of pro12Ala in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAgamma2): beta cell function and
A Fritsche1, A Madaus, O Tschritter
1Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Endokrinologie, Stoffwechsel und Pathobiochemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany.
Background And Objective:
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoform gamma (PPAR gamma) is a key regulator in lipid and glucose homoeostasis. A common polymorphism (Pro12Ala in PPAR gamma 2, prevalence ca. 25%) was shown to be associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Generally, both beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the mechanism by which the Ala allele of this polymorphism contributes to the reduced risk for type 2 diabetes.
Patients And Methods:
We studied 51 subjects without (Pro/Pro) and 26 subjects with this polymorphisms (X/Ala) (both groups non-diabetic) by a modified hyperglycaemic clamp which permitted determination of both insulin secretion (in response to glucose, GLP-1 and arginine) and insulin sensitivity.
Results:
None of the various phases of insulin secretion was significantly different between the 2 genotype groups (all p values > 0.13). In contrast, insulin sensitivity was significantly greater in X/Ala (0.19 +/- 0.03 U) compared to Pro/Pro (0.14 +/- 0.01 U, p = 0.04). In a two-dimensional assessment of insulin sensitivity and secretion, the homozygous alanine carriers appeared to have the most favourable constellation.
Conclusion:
These simultaneously obtained data for insulin secretion and sensitivity strongly suggest that the mechanism by which the Ala allele contributes to a risk reduction for type 2 diabetes most likely involves an increase in insulin sensitivity.