Control of chromatin accessibility for V(D)J recombination by interleukin-7

IL-7 is a key factor for lymphoid development, and it contributes to V(D)J recombination at multiple loci in immune-receptor genes. IL-7 signal transduction, involving gamma(c) and Jak3, is required for successful recombination at the TCR-gamma locus. IL-7 signaling controls the initiation phase of V(D)J recombination by controlling access of the V(D)J recombinase to the locus. In the absence of IL-7, the TCR-gamma locus is methylated and packaged in a repressed form of chromatin consisting of hypoacetylated histones. IL-7 signaling likely increases the acetylation state of the nucleosomal core histones resulting in an "open" form of chromatin. This opening leads to a higher accessibility for the transcription machinery and increased accessibility of the Rag heterodimer that performs the cleavage of DNA.