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Relation between trihalomethane compounds and birth defects.

L Dodds1, W D King

  • 1Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, IWK Grace Health Centre, 5980 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4N1, Canada. dodds@is.dal.ca

Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|June 19, 2001
PubMed
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Exposure to bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in public water supplies was linked to a higher risk of neural tube defects. Chloroform exposure showed no association with neural tube defects but suggested a risk for chromosomal abnormalities.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Teratology

Background:

  • Disinfection byproducts in public water supplies are a potential concern for public health.
  • Trihalomethanes (THMs) are common byproducts of water disinfection.
  • Specific THM compounds may have differential risks for adverse birth outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between exposure to specific trihalomethanes (THMs) in municipal water and the risk of various birth defects.
  • To differentiate the risks associated with chloroform and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) exposure.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study utilized perinatal data from Nova Scotia, Canada (1988-1995).
  • Included singleton births to mothers residing in areas with municipal water supplies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed neural tube defects, cardiovascular defects, cleft defects, and chromosomal abnormalities in relation to BDCM and chloroform concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • Exposure to BDCM (≥20 µg/l) was associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects (RR 2.5).
    • Exposure to BDCM (≥20 µg/l) was associated with decreased risks of cardiovascular anomalies (RR 0.3).
    • Chloroform exposure showed no association with neural tube defects but a potential increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific trihalomethanes, particularly BDCM, may play a role in the etiology of neural tube defects.
    • Findings highlight the importance of analyzing individual THM compounds for accurate risk assessment of birth defects.
    • Further research into disinfection byproducts and their impact on congenital anomalies is warranted.