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[Gamma-knife radiosurgery for brainstem arteriovenous malformations. Preliminary results]
J Régis1, N Massager, O Lévrier
1Service de Neurochirurgie Fonctionnelle et Stéréotaxie, CHU-Hôpital de la Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5.
Background And Purpose:
Microsurgical resection have the advantage to be immediately effective according to bleeding risk and is the reference treatment for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. For cerebral arteriovenous malformations located in the brainstem gamma-knife radiosurgery due to its low invasivity is classically a first line treatment. We reviewed the Marseilles experience to assess the efficacy and safety of gamma-knife radiosurgery for brain stem arteriovenous malformations.
Methods:
We analyzed retrospectively data of 45 patients with an arteriovenous malformation located in the brain stem treated in Marseilles by gamma-knife radiosurgery by between 07/92 and 12/99. Mean age was 42 years, there were 5 children. Arteriovenous malformations were located in the pons or midbrain for the majority of the patients. Intraaxial lesion was found in 82% of patients. Hemorrhage prior to radiosurgery occurred in 75% of the patients. Gamma-knife procedure was the first treatment of the arteriovenous malformations for 29 patients (65%); previous surgery was performed in 34 patients (15%). Mean nidus volume was 550 mm(3) (32-14 196 mm(3)). Mean margin dose was of 23 Gy (range 15-30 Gy). Follow up was available for 25 patients (mean 18 months).
Results:
One patient presented a transient worsening of his neurological status, and 2 patients developed a fixed deficit. Two patients underwent rebleeding at an interval of 12 to 36 months after the gamma-knife procedure. At last angiographic follow-up (13 patients), the obliteration rate was 82% of the arteriovenous malformations. A second procedure was proposed to a patient with only partial occlusion at 3 years.
Conclusions:
Gamma-knife radiosurgery can achieve good obliteration rate of brain stem arteriovenous malformations with low morbidity and may be a valuable first-choice therapy for such arteriovenous malformations. A larger population and longer follow up are mandatory in order to confirm these preliminary results.
Insights
Gamma-knife radiosurgery shows promise for treating brain stem arteriovenous malformations, achieving an 82% obliteration rate with low morbidity. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings for this radiosurgery treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Radiation Oncology
- Vascular Neurology
Background:
- Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular lesions.
- Microsurgical resection is effective but carries bleeding risks.
- Brain stem AVMs present unique challenges due to location and invasivity of surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gamma-knife radiosurgery for brain stem AVMs.
- To assess the obliteration rates and patient outcomes.
- To determine if gamma-knife radiosurgery is a viable first-line treatment for these AVMs.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 45 patients with brain stem AVMs treated with gamma-knife radiosurgery (1992-1999).
- Data included patient demographics, AVM location (pons, midbrain), lesion characteristics, and treatment details.
- Follow-up included clinical assessment and angiography, with a mean follow-up of 18 months.
Main Results:
- An 82% obliteration rate was observed at the last angiographic follow-up.
- Low morbidity was reported, with transient neurological worsening in one patient and fixed deficits in two.
- Two patients experienced rebleeding between 12 and 36 months post-treatment.
Conclusions:
- Gamma-knife radiosurgery demonstrates a good obliteration rate for brain stem AVMs.
- The procedure appears to have low morbidity, suggesting it as a potential first-choice therapy.
- Larger patient cohorts and longer follow-up periods are necessary to validate these preliminary findings.