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Updated: Aug 12, 2026

An ELISA Based Binding and Competition Method to Rapidly Determine Ligand-receptor Interactions
Published on: March 14, 2016
Canonical binding arrays as molecular recognition elements in the immune system: tetrahedral anions and the ester
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, 90095-1569, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Abstract:
The structures, obtained by X-ray crystallography, of the binding sites of catalytic antibodies raised to bind different phosphonates are compared. Although the amino acid sequences differ, all exhibit a tetrahedral array of hydrogen bond donors (a 'canonical binding array') complementary to the tetrahedral anion, which represents a 'transition state epitope' for the basic hydrolysis of esters and amides. Antibodies for phosphates, arsonates, and sulfonates are found also to possess the tetrahedral anion canonical binding array.
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