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Changes in lung mechanics during asthma induced by exercise.

S Freedman, A E Tattersfield, N B Pride

Journal of Applied Physiology

|June 1, 1975

Summary

Exercise-induced asthma causes airway narrowing and closure, reducing forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Lung mechanics change, with airway closure being the primary issue, not just reduced lung recoil.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonary Physiology
Respiratory Medicine
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
Exercise can trigger asthma symptoms, leading to airflow obstruction.
Understanding the mechanical changes during exercise-induced asthma is crucial for management.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the pulmonary and airway mechanics in asthmatic patients during exercise-induced asthma.
To determine the factors contributing to airflow obstruction after exercise in asthma.

Main Methods:

Assessed pulmonary mechanics in seven asthmatic patients in remission.
Induced asthma via exercise and measured lung function before and after recovery.
Analyzed forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), and pressure-volume curves.

Main Results:

Exercise induced a significant fall in FEV1 (30-80%) in all patients.
Widespread airway closure occurred at positive transpulmonary pressures.
Increased residual volume was observed in all patients.
Diffuse airway narrowing was the dominant abnormality, sometimes exacerbated by loss of lung recoil.

Conclusions:

Exercise-induced asthma is characterized by significant airflow obstruction due to airway narrowing and closure.
Changes in lung volumes and pressure-volume relationships reflect these mechanical alterations.
Airway closure is a key mechanism contributing to reduced FEV1 in exercise-induced asthma.

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