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Lipid peroxidation, osmotic fragility and antioxidant status in children with acute post-streptococcal
T Devasena1, S Lalitha, K Padma
1Department of Biochemistry, Center for Micronutrient Research, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India. tedeyes@rediffmail.com
Insights
Children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis exhibit increased lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte fragility. Their antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of key antioxidants like glutathione are significantly reduced, confirming red blood cell susceptibility to oxidative damage.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Oxidative Stress Research
Background:
- Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an inflammatory kidney disease.
- Oxidative stress plays a role in various inflammatory conditions, including APSGN.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant status in children with APSGN.
- To assess erythrocyte osmotic fragility in APSGN patients.
Main Methods:
- Quantified LPO using thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma and erythrocytes.
- Measured erythrocyte osmotic fragility.
- Assessed activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST).
- Measured plasma and erythrocyte levels of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione (GSH), and total sulphydryl content (TSH).
Main Results:
- Significantly elevated LPO in plasma and erythrocytes of APSGN children compared to controls.
- Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility in APSGN patients.
- Significantly decreased activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST in APSGN erythrocytes.
- Significantly depleted plasma and erythrocyte ascorbic acid, GSH, and TSH in APSGN children.
Conclusions:
- Children with APSGN experience heightened oxidative stress, evidenced by increased LPO and reduced antioxidant defenses.
- APSGN erythrocytes are more susceptible to oxidative damage and exhibit altered fragility.
- Findings highlight the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of APSGN in children.
Abstract:
Plasma and erythrocyte samples from acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) children and control children were enrolled in this study. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was found to be significantly increased in plasma and RBCs of APSGN children (P<0.05) than in control children. Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was examined. RBCs of APSGN patients were found to be osmotically more sensitive towards hypotonic saline (50% hemolysis at 7 g/l saline) when compared to control RBCs (50% hemolysis at 4 g/l saline). The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly lowered (P<0.05) in APSGN RBCs when compared to control RBCs. Plasma ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione (GSH), RBC ascorbic acid, GSH and RBC total sulphydryl content (TSH) were significantly depleted in APSGN children relative to controls. The susceptibility of RBCs of APSGN children to lipid peroxidation was confirmed in this study.