The glucuronyl C5-epimerase activity is the limiting factor in the dermatan sulfate biosynthesis

An early step in the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate is polymerization to chondroitin, which then is modified by the D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase and mainly 4-O-sulfotransferase. The final structure of the dermatan sulfate side chains varies and our aim was to identify, which of the two enzymes that are crucial to generate dermatan sulfate copolymeric structures in tissues. Dermatan sulfate side chains of biglycan and decorin were prepared from fibroblasts and nasal and articular chondrocytes and characterized regarding detailed structure. Microsomes were prepared from these cells and the activities of D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase and 4-O-sulfotransferase were determined. Chondrocytes from nasal cartilage synthesized biglycan and decorin containing 10%, articular chondrocytes 20--30%, and fibroblast 80% of the uronosyl residues in the l-iduronyl configuration. All three tissues contained high amount of 4-O-sulfotransferase activity. The activity of d-glucuronyl C5-epimerase showed different relationships. Fibroblasts contained a high level of the epimerase activity, articular chondrocytes intermediary activity, and in nasal cartilage it was barely detectable. The data indicate that the activity of the d-glucuronyl C5-epimerase is the main factor for formation of dermatan sulfate in tissues.