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Turbulence in a free surface.

W I Goldburg1, J R Cressman, Z Vörös

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|June 21, 2001
PubMed
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This study investigates turbulent free-surface flow, finding its structure function S2(R) scales like 3D turbulence despite non-conservation of energy and enstrophy, but with increased intermittency.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Turbulence Research
  • Surface Physics

Background:

  • Turbulent fluid motion is fundamental in many natural and engineered systems.
  • Free-surface flows present unique challenges due to their complex boundary conditions.
  • Understanding surface turbulence is crucial for applications ranging from oceanography to material processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally and numerically investigate turbulent fluid motion at a free surface.
  • To analyze the scaling properties of the second-order structure function in this unconventional flow.
  • To compare experimental findings with numerical simulations under simplified boundary conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental realization of free-surface turbulence using a vertically oscillating grid in a water tank.

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  • Numerical simulation of the flow assuming a flat, stress-free surface, neglecting wave effects.
  • Analysis of the second-order structure function, S2(R), for scaling behavior.

    • Main Results:

    • The surface flow exhibits non-conservation of energy and enstrophy, deviating from typical incompressible flows.
    • Both experimental and numerical results show that S2(R) scales similarly to three-dimensional turbulent systems.
    • The study observed a higher degree of intermittency in the surface flow compared to standard turbulence.

    Conclusions:

    • Free-surface turbulence, despite its unique properties, shares scaling characteristics with 3D turbulence.
    • Numerical models with flat, stress-free boundaries can effectively capture key scaling behaviors of surface flows.
    • The increased intermittency highlights the distinct nature of turbulence at fluid interfaces.