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Tibiocalcaneal motion during running, measured with external and bone markers
C Reinschmidt1, A J van Den Bogert, N Murphy
1Human Performance Laboratory, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)
|January 1, 1997
Summary
External markers used for running analysis overestimate skeletal tibiocalcaneal motion. While trends are visible, absolute values from external markers should be used cautiously for accurate biomechanical insights.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Human Movement Analysis
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- External markers (shoe, skin) are commonly used to assess rearfoot kinematics during running.
- The accuracy of external markers in representing skeletal tibiocalcaneal motion remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare tibiocalcaneal motion during running using skeletal markers versus external markers.
- To evaluate the validity of external markers for quantifying rearfoot kinematics.
Main Methods:
- In vivo 3D motion capture of skeletal and external markers during the stance phase of running.
- Bone pins inserted into the tibia and calcaneus for skeletal marker attachment.
- External markers attached to the shank and shoe.
Main Results:
- Skeletal inversion/eversion, abduction/adduction, and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion motions showed consistency across subjects.
- External markers captured similar rotation curve shapes but generally overestimated the magnitude of motion.
- Average maximal eversion was overestimated by 16.0 degrees with external markers versus 8.6 degrees with skeletal markers.
Conclusions:
- External markers provide only a general indication of skeletal tibiocalcaneal motion.
- Rotations derived from external markers typically overestimate actual skeletal kinematics.
- Quantitative data from external markers require cautious interpretation; trends may be valid, but absolute values are unreliable.