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Age and the Hemodynamic Response to Posture and Exercise.
Robert Fagard1, Lutgarde Thijs, Antoon Amery
1Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Leuven K.U.L., Leuven, Belgium.
The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology
|March 1, 1993
Summary
Aging significantly impacts cardiovascular function. Key hemodynamic variables like cardiac output and stroke volume decrease, while vascular resistance increases, affecting exercise capacity.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Aging Research
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Aging is associated with significant physiological changes.
- Understanding age-related hemodynamic alterations is crucial for health.
- Previous studies have provided insights into these changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effects of aging on hemodynamic variables.
- To examine these effects at rest, during orthostatic challenges, and exercise.
- To synthesize findings from existing medical literature.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of published medical literature.
- Statistical summaries of hemodynamic data from various studies.
- Inclusion of data from normotensive and hypertensive subjects.
Main Results:
- With aging, cardiac output and stroke volume decrease, while systemic vascular resistance increases at rest (p < 0.001).
- Age-related hemodynamic changes are observed in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals.
- Orthostatic responses show less pronounced changes in stroke volume and heart rate with age, but systemic vascular resistance is not consistently related to age.
- Peak oxygen uptake during exercise decreases with age, primarily due to reduced peak cardiac output and heart rate (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Aging leads to a decline in resting cardiac output and stroke volume, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance.
- Cardiovascular adaptations to orthostatic stress and exercise diminish with age.
- These age-related hemodynamic changes contribute to reduced exercise capacity in older adults.
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