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Related Experiment Videos

How do mitochondrial genes get into the nucleus?

K Henze1, W Martin

  • 1Institute of Botany III, Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|June 22, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Genes transfer from chloroplasts and mitochondria to the nucleus during plant evolution. While cDNA transfer is often assumed, direct DNA transfer is also a plausible mechanism, especially in early evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Plant evolutionary biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genes from chloroplasts and mitochondria have repeatedly transferred to the plant nucleus throughout evolution.
  • The physical form of these transferred genes (RNA, cDNA, DNA fragments, or whole chromosomes) remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of intracellular gene transfer from organelles to the nucleus in plants.
  • To evaluate the relative contributions of cDNA-mediated versus direct DNA transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing data on organelle gene transfer in plants.
  • Comparative genomics and evolutionary pathway reconstruction (inferred).

Main Results:

  • Current research often favors cDNA as the transfer vehicle.

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  • Direct DNA transfer from organelle chromosomes is a viable alternative mechanism.
  • Direct DNA transfer is observed in extant plant systems.

    • Conclusions:

    • Direct DNA transfer, not solely cDNA-mediated transfer, likely plays a significant role in organelle-to-nucleus gene transfer.
    • Direct DNA transfer may have been the predominant mechanism during early plant evolution.