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Deaths and injuries from house fires.

G R Istre¹, M A McCoy, L Osborn

¹Injury Prevention Center of Greater Dallas, and PID Associates, TX 75235, USA.

The New England Journal of Medicine

|June 23, 2001

Summary

House fire injuries disproportionately affect elderly, minority, and low-income groups, especially in homes lacking smoke detectors. Targeted prevention efforts are crucial for these vulnerable populations to reduce fire-related harm.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Fire Safety Research

Background:

House fires result in significant injuries and fatalities.
Population-based surveillance is essential for understanding injury determinants.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify factors associated with house fires and resultant injuries.
To analyze injury rates across different demographic and socioeconomic groups.

Main Methods:

Utilized linked data from fire departments, emergency medical services, hospitals, and medical examiners in Dallas (1991-1997).
Focused on house fires, excluding apartments and mobile homes.
Analyzed injury rates per capita and relative risks for various factors.

Main Results:

7,190 house fires caused 223 injuries (91 fatal, 132 nonfatal) over the study period.
Elevated injury rates were observed in Black populations, individuals aged 65+, and low-income census tracts.
Fires originating in bedrooms/living areas, those caused by heating equipment/smoking/children, older homes, and residences without smoke detectors showed higher injury rates.

Conclusions:

Elderly, minority, and low-income populations face the highest risk of house fire injuries.
Lack of functioning smoke detectors is a significant risk factor for injuries.
Prevention strategies should prioritize high-risk populations and address the absence of smoke detectors.