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Updated: Oct 6, 2026

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
Published on: August 1, 2018
Systemic hypertensive disease and the feline fundus
1Ophthalmology Unit, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5 DU, UK. s.m.crispin@bristol.ac.uk
Abstract:
The fundoscopic appearance and some of the histopathological findings of arterial hypertension in the cat are reviewed in relation to the anatomical and physiological features that place retinal function at particular risk when the eye is subjected to sustained increased arterial blood pressure. The fundus changes fall into three categories: hypertensive retinopathy, hypertensive choroidopathy and hypertensive optic neuropathy, and information from cases with confirmed arterial hypertensive disease is used to provide a basis for discussion and future investigation.
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