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Abnormal germ cell development in cryptorchidism.

D S Huff1, D M Fenig, D A Canning

  • 1Department of Pathology and Division of Pediatric Urology, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. huff@email.chop.edu

Hormone Research
|June 26, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Undescended testes in boys show defects in establishing adult stem cells and meiosis. The contralateral testes also exhibit similar, though less severe, issues, impacting overall germ cell counts.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Andrology

Background:

  • Germ cell maturation involves androgen-dependent steps: gonocyte disappearance/adult dark spermatogonia appearance (2-3 months) and primary spermatocyte appearance (4-5 years).
  • Previous studies indicated defective germ cell maturation in cryptorchidism, affecting both undescended and contralateral testes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm and quantify defects in germ cell maturation in a large cohort of boys with unilateral undescended testes.

Main Methods:

  • Bilateral testicular biopsies from 767 boys with unilateral cryptorchidism (birth to 9 years) undergoing orchidopexy.
  • Histological analysis of semithin sections for total and differential germ cell counts.
  • Statistical comparison between undescended and contralateral testes using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests.

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Main Results:

  • Undescended testes under 1 year failed to establish adult stem cell pools (gonocyte disappearance/adult dark spermatogonia appearance).
  • Primary spermatocytes were absent in undescended testes and present in only 19% of contralateral testes at 4-5 years, indicating a meiosis defect.
  • Reduced total germ cell counts were observed in association with these maturation defects.

Conclusions:

  • Unilateral undescended testes exhibit significant defects in establishing adult stem cell pools and initiating meiosis.
  • Contralateral descended testes show similar but less pronounced maturation abnormalities.
  • These pubertal germ cell maturation defects are linked to diminished overall germ cell numbers.