Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 5, 2026

Rapid Quantification of Oxidized and Reduced Forms of Glutathione Using Ortho -phthalaldehyde in Cultured Mammalian Cells In Vitro
Published on: June 28, 2024
Changes in the levels of glutathione after cellular and cutaneous damage induced by squalene monohydroperoxide
K Chiba1, K Yoshizawa, I Makino
1Department of Toxicology, Safety Research Center, Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 1796 Kunitachi-shi-yaho, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan. katsuyoshi-chiba@yakult.co.jp
Abstract:
Squalene monohydroperoxide (Sq-OOH), the initial product of ultraviolet-peroxidated squalene, was used to investigate the effect of peroxidative challenge upon the glutathione contents in rabbit ear skin and primary-cultured fibroblasts derived from rabbit ear skin. The cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) contents decreased during 30-minute incubations in vitro with Sq-OOH, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was formed concomitantly, indicating that Sq-OOH had a potential for GSH-depleting activity in vitro. When Sq-OOH was applied topically to the skin in vivo, only GSSG contents increased significantly within 30 minutes. Moreover, pretreatment with the GSH depletors, DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and diethyl maleate (DEM), could potentiate the cytotoxicity and comedogenicity induced by Sq-OOH. These findings suggest that the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione, is quite sensitive to Sq-OOH and may be an important material for protecting cells and/or tissues against the oxidative stress induced by Sq-OOH treatment.
Related Concept Videos
Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
Cellular Injury I: Introduction
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity
Sulfur Assimilation
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

